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• abundant adj. Akademik

  bol, bereketli

  The region has abundant natural resources.

• accumulate v. Akademik

  biriktirmek, toplamak

  Dust began to accumulate on the old books.

• adverse adj. Akademik

  olumsuz, ters

  Smoking has adverse effects on health.

• advocate v. Akademik

  savunmak, desteklemek

  Many scientists advocate renewable energy.

• aggregate n. Akademik

  toplam, küme

  The aggregate of all scores was calculated.

• alleviate v. Akademik

  hafifletmek, azaltmak

  The new policy aims to alleviate poverty.

• ambiguous adj. Akademik

  belirsiz, muğlak

  His ambiguous answer confused everyone.

• ample adj. Akademik

  bol, yeterli

  There is ample evidence to support the theory.

• anticipate v. Akademik

  beklemek, öngörmek

  We anticipate a rise in temperatures.

• apparent adj. Akademik

  açık, belli, görünen

  It became apparent that he was lying.

• arbitrary adj. Akademik

  keyfi, gelişigüzel

  The decision seemed completely arbitrary.

• assert v. Akademik

  iddia etmek, savunmak

  She asserted that the results were valid.

• assess v. Akademik

  değerlendirmek, ölçmek

  Teachers assess students at the end of term.

• attribute v. Akademik

  atfetmek, bağlamak

  They attribute the success to teamwork.

• augment v. Akademik

  artırmak, çoğaltmak

  He augmented his income with a second job.

• coherent adj. Akademik

  tutarlı, anlaşılır

  She gave a coherent explanation of the issue.

• coincide v. Akademik

  aynı zamana denk gelmek

  My holiday coincides with the conference.

• commence v. Akademik

  başlamak

  The ceremony will commence at noon.

• compel v. Akademik

  zorlamak, mecbur etmek

  The law compels drivers to wear seatbelts.

• compelling adj. Akademik

  inandırıcı, ikna edici

  The lawyer presented a compelling argument.

• complement v. Akademik

  tamamlamak

  The wine complements the meal perfectly.

• comprehensive adj. Akademik

  kapsamlı, geniş

  The report offers a comprehensive overview.

• comprise v. Akademik

  oluşmak, içermek

  The committee comprises ten members.

• conceive v. Akademik

  tasarlamak, hayal etmek

  It is hard to conceive of such a vast distance.

• conducive adj. Akademik

  elverişli, yardımcı

  A quiet room is conducive to studying.

• confine v. Akademik

  sınırlamak, hapsetmek

  Please confine your comments to the topic.

• consensus n. Akademik

  uzlaşı, fikir birliği

  The group reached a consensus after debate.

• constitute v. Akademik

  oluşturmak, teşkil etmek

  Twelve months constitute a year.

• constrain v. Akademik

  kısıtlamak, sınırlamak

  Budget cuts constrain our options.

• contemplate v. Akademik

  düşünmek, tasarlamak

  She contemplated changing her career.

• controversial adj. Akademik

  tartışmalı

  The new tax is highly controversial.

• convey v. Akademik

  iletmek, aktarmak

  Words cannot convey how grateful I am.

• crucial adj. Akademik

  çok önemli, kritik

  Sleep is crucial for good health.

• deduce v. Akademik

  çıkarım yapmak, anlamak

  From the evidence we can deduce the cause.

• deficient adj. Akademik

  eksik, yetersiz

  A diet deficient in iron causes fatigue.

• deliberate adj. Akademik

  kasıtlı, bilinçli

  It was a deliberate attempt to mislead us.

• denote v. Akademik

  belirtmek, göstermek

  A red light denotes danger.

• deteriorate v. Akademik

  kötüleşmek, bozulmak

  His health began to deteriorate rapidly.

• detrimental adj. Akademik

  zararlı, olumsuz

  Stress is detrimental to your health.

• devise v. Akademik

  tasarlamak, geliştirmek

  They devised a clever plan to save money.

• diminish v. Akademik

  azalmak, küçülmek

  His influence has diminished over time.

• discrepancy n. Akademik

  tutarsızlık, fark

  There is a discrepancy between the two reports.

• disperse v. Akademik

  dağılmak, dağıtmak

  The crowd dispersed after the speech.

• distort v. Akademik

  çarpıtmak, bozmak

  The media often distort the facts.

• diverse adj. Akademik

  çeşitli, farklı

  The city has a diverse population.

• dominant adj. Akademik

  baskın, egemen

  English is the dominant language of science.

• elaborate v. Akademik

  ayrıntılandırmak

  Could you elaborate on your proposal?

• elicit v. Akademik

  ortaya çıkarmak, almak

  The question elicited an angry response.

• eliminate v. Akademik

  ortadan kaldırmak, elemek

  We must eliminate all errors before printing.

• emerge v. Akademik

  ortaya çıkmak, belirmek

  New evidence emerged during the trial.

• emphasize v. Akademik

  vurgulamak

  The teacher emphasized the importance of practice.

• empirical adj. Akademik

  deneysel, gözleme dayalı

  The theory lacks empirical support.

• endeavor n. Akademik

  çaba, girişim

  Their endeavor to reach the summit failed.

• enhance v. Akademik

  geliştirmek, artırmak

  Good lighting can enhance a photograph.

• entail v. Akademik

  gerektirmek, içermek

  The job entails a lot of travel.

• equivalent adj. Akademik

  eşdeğer, denk

  One mile is equivalent to 1.6 kilometers.

• erode v. Akademik

  aşındırmak, yıpratmak

  Waves slowly erode the coastline.

• evident adj. Akademik

  açık, belli

  Her talent was evident from an early age.

• evoke v. Akademik

  uyandırmak, çağrıştırmak

  The song evokes memories of childhood.

• exacerbate v. Akademik

  kötüleştirmek, şiddetlendirmek

  The drought exacerbated the food shortage.

• exceed v. Akademik

  aşmak, geçmek

  Costs must not exceed the budget.

• exemplify v. Akademik

  örneklemek, örnek olmak

  This building exemplifies modern design.

• exhaustive adj. Akademik

  kapsamlı, etraflı

  They conducted an exhaustive study.

• explicit adj. Akademik

  açık, net

  She gave explicit instructions.

• facilitate v. Akademik

  kolaylaştırmak

  Technology facilitates communication.

• feasible adj. Akademik

  uygulanabilir, yapılabilir

  Is it feasible to finish by Friday?

• fluctuate v. Akademik

  dalgalanmak, değişmek

  Prices fluctuate with demand.

• fundamental adj. Akademik

  temel, esas

  Freedom is a fundamental right.

• hamper v. Akademik

  engellemek, zorlaştırmak

  Bad weather hampered the rescue effort.

• hinder v. Akademik

  engellemek, geciktirmek

  A lack of funds hindered the project.

• hypothesis n. Akademik

  hipotez, varsayım

  The experiment confirmed our hypothesis.

• illustrate v. Akademik

  göstermek, açıklamak

  This example illustrates the problem well.

• imminent adj. Akademik

  yakın, kaçınılmaz

  A storm seemed imminent.

• impair v. Akademik

  zayıflatmak, bozmak

  Alcohol can impair your judgment.

• implement v. Akademik

  uygulamak, yürürlüğe koymak

  The school will implement the new rules soon.

• implication n. Akademik

  sonuç, ima

  The decision has serious implications.

• inadequate adj. Akademik

  yetersiz, eksik

  The funding was inadequate for the task.

• incentive n. Akademik

  teşvik, güdü

  Tax cuts are an incentive to invest.

• incidence n. Akademik

  görülme sıklığı, oran

  The incidence of the disease has risen.

• inevitable adj. Akademik

  kaçınılmaz

  Change is inevitable in any organization.

• infer v. Akademik

  çıkarsamak, sonuç çıkarmak

  We can infer his mood from his tone.

• inherent adj. Akademik

  doğasında olan, içkin

  There are risks inherent in any sport.

• inhibit v. Akademik

  engellemek, ketlemek

  Fear can inhibit creativity.

• initiate v. Akademik

  başlatmak

  They initiated talks with the union.

• integral adj. Akademik

  ayrılmaz, temel

  Trust is integral to any friendship.

• intricate adj. Akademik

  karmaşık, ayrıntılı

  The watch has an intricate mechanism.

• intrinsic adj. Akademik

  asıl, özünde olan

  The painting has intrinsic value.

• jeopardize v. Akademik

  tehlikeye atmak

  Cheating could jeopardize your career.

• justify v. Akademik

  haklı çıkarmak, gerekçelendirmek

  Nothing can justify such cruelty.

• legitimate adj. Akademik

  meşru, yasal

  They had a legitimate reason to complain.

• manipulate v. Akademik

  manipüle etmek, yönlendirmek

  He tried to manipulate the results.

• mitigate v. Akademik

  hafifletmek, azaltmak

  Trees help mitigate the effects of pollution.

• negligible adj. Akademik

  önemsiz, ihmal edilebilir

  The difference in price was negligible.

• notion n. Akademik

  kavram, düşünce

  She rejected the notion of failure.

• obscure adj. Akademik

  belirsiz, az bilinen

  The meaning of the poem remains obscure.

• obsolete adj. Akademik

  modası geçmiş, kullanılmayan

  The technology is now obsolete.

• optimal adj. Akademik

  en uygun, optimal

  We seek the optimal solution.

• paramount adj. Akademik

  en önemli, üstün

  Safety is of paramount importance.

• persistent adj. Akademik

  ısrarcı, sürekli

  A persistent cough may need treatment.

• phenomenon n. Akademik

  olgu, fenomen

  Climate change is a global phenomenon.

• plausible adj. Akademik

  akla yatkın, makul

  That sounds like a plausible explanation.

• predominant adj. Akademik

  başlıca, ağır basan

  Tourism is the predominant industry here.

• preliminary adj. Akademik

  ön, başlangıç niteliğinde

  Preliminary results look promising.

• prevail v. Akademik

  galip gelmek, hüküm sürmek

  Justice will prevail in the end.

• prevalent adj. Akademik

  yaygın, hakim

  This belief is prevalent among young people.

• profound adj. Akademik

  derin, köklü

  The book had a profound effect on me.

• prohibit v. Akademik

  yasaklamak

  The law prohibits smoking indoors.

• prominent adj. Akademik

  önde gelen, göze çarpan

  She is a prominent figure in politics.

• prone adj. Akademik

  eğilimli, yatkın

  He is prone to making mistakes.

• proportion n. Akademik

  oran, kısım

  A large proportion of students passed.

• refute v. Akademik

  çürütmek, reddetmek

  The scientist refuted the claim.

• reinforce v. Akademik

  güçlendirmek, pekiştirmek

  The results reinforce our earlier findings.

• reluctant adj. Akademik

  isteksiz, gönülsüz

  She was reluctant to leave home.

• render v. Akademik

  kılmak, haline getirmek

  The injury rendered him helpless.

• resilient adj. Akademik

  dayanıklı, esnek

  Children are remarkably resilient.

• resolve v. Akademik

  çözmek, karara varmak

  They resolved the dispute peacefully.

• retain v. Akademik

  korumak, elde tutmak

  Plants retain water in their leaves.

• rigorous adj. Akademik

  titiz, sıkı

  The training is extremely rigorous.

• scarce adj. Akademik

  kıt, az bulunan

  Clean water is scarce in the desert.

• scrutinize v. Akademik

  incelemek, irdelemek

  Auditors scrutinize the accounts carefully.

• simultaneous adj. Akademik

  eşzamanlı

  There was a simultaneous translation.

• sophisticated adj. Akademik

  gelişmiş, sofistike

  The lab uses sophisticated equipment.

• subsequent adj. Akademik

  sonraki, müteakip

  Subsequent events proved him right.

• substantial adj. Akademik

  önemli, hatırı sayılır

  They made a substantial profit.

• subtle adj. Akademik

  ince, göze çarpmayan

  There is a subtle difference between them.

• sufficient adj. Akademik

  yeterli

  We have sufficient time to finish.

• susceptible adj. Akademik

  duyarlı, eğilimli

  Young children are susceptible to colds.

• sustain v. Akademik

  sürdürmek, ayakta tutmak

  It is hard to sustain such growth.

• tangible adj. Akademik

  somut, elle tutulur

  We need tangible proof, not rumors.

• tedious adj. Akademik

  sıkıcı, usandırıcı

  Filling out forms is a tedious task.

• tentative adj. Akademik

  geçici, kararsız

  We made a tentative plan for the trip.

• thorough adj. Akademik

  titiz, eksiksiz

  They did a thorough investigation.

• threshold n. Akademik

  eşik, sınır

  Pain has a different threshold for everyone.

• transparent adj. Akademik

  şeffaf, saydam

  The process must be fully transparent.

• undermine v. Akademik

  baltalamak, zayıflatmak

  Such rumors undermine public trust.

• underlying adj. Akademik

  altta yatan, temel

  We must find the underlying cause.

• uniform adj. Akademik

  tekdüze, aynı

  The bricks are of uniform size.

• utilize v. Akademik

  kullanmak, yararlanmak

  We should utilize our resources wisely.

• viable adj. Akademik

  uygulanabilir, yaşayabilir

  Solar power is now a viable option.

• vital adj. Akademik

  hayati, çok önemli

  Water is vital for survival.

• vulnerable adj. Akademik

  savunmasız, kırılgan

  Elderly people are vulnerable to the flu.

• widespread adj. Akademik

  yaygın, geniş çaplı

  There was widespread support for the plan.

• accordingly adv. Bağlaç

  buna uygun olarak, bu nedenle

  Sales fell; accordingly, we cut costs.

• albeit conj. Bağlaç

  her ne kadar, olsa da

  He accepted the job, albeit reluctantly.

• although conj. Bağlaç

  her ne kadar, -e rağmen

  Although it rained, we went out.

• besides adv. Bağlaç

  ayrıca, üstelik

  It is too late; besides, I am tired.

• consequently adv. Bağlaç

  sonuç olarak, dolayısıyla

  He missed the bus; consequently, he was late.

• conversely adv. Bağlaç

  tam tersine

  Conversely, prices may rise next year.

• despite prep. Bağlaç

  -e rağmen

  Despite the cold, she went swimming.

• furthermore adv. Bağlaç

  ayrıca, dahası

  The plan is risky; furthermore, it is costly.

• hence adv. Bağlaç

  bu yüzden, dolayısıyla

  He was ill; hence his absence.

• however adv. Bağlaç

  ancak, ne var ki

  The plan is good; however, it is expensive.

• likewise adv. Bağlaç

  benzer şekilde, aynı şekilde

  She works hard; likewise, her brother.

• meanwhile adv. Bağlaç

  bu arada, bu sırada

  Meanwhile, the guests were waiting.

• moreover adv. Bağlaç

  ayrıca, üstelik

  The house is small; moreover, it is old.

• nevertheless adv. Bağlaç

  yine de, buna rağmen

  It was hard; nevertheless, she succeeded.

• nonetheless adv. Bağlaç

  yine de, buna karşın

  He is busy; nonetheless, he called me.

• notwithstanding prep. Bağlaç

  -e rağmen, karşın

  Notwithstanding the risks, they went ahead.

• otherwise adv. Bağlaç

  aksi halde, yoksa

  Hurry, otherwise we will miss the train.

• provided that conj. Bağlaç

  -mesi şartıyla, eğer

  You may go, provided that you finish first.

• rather than conj. Bağlaç

  -mektense, yerine

  I would walk rather than wait for the bus.

• so as to conj. Bağlaç

  -mek için, amacıyla

  He left early so as to avoid traffic.

• thereby adv. Bağlaç

  böylece, bu sayede

  She saved money, thereby buying a car.

• therefore adv. Bağlaç

  bu yüzden, dolayısıyla

  He lied; therefore, no one trusts him.

• thus adv. Bağlaç

  böylece, bu nedenle

  The bridge collapsed, thus closing the road.

• unless conj. Bağlaç

  -mezse, -medikçe

  You will fail unless you study.

• whereas conj. Bağlaç

  oysa, halbuki

  He likes tea, whereas she prefers coffee.

• whereby adv. Bağlaç

  ki onunla, vasıtasıyla

  A system whereby workers share profits.

• while conj. Bağlaç

  -iken, oysa

  While I agree in part, I have doubts.

• yet conj. Bağlaç

  yine de, ama

  It is simple, yet very effective.

• in addition phr. Bağlaç

  ayrıca, ilaveten

  In addition, the price includes delivery.

• in contrast phr. Bağlaç

  aksine, tersine

  In contrast, the south is much drier.

• on the contrary phr. Bağlaç

  aksine, tam tersine

  It is not boring; on the contrary, it is fun.

• as a result phr. Bağlaç

  sonuç olarak

  As a result, profits doubled.

• for instance phr. Bağlaç

  örneğin

  Many fruits, for instance apples, are healthy.

• on the other hand phr. Bağlaç

  öte yandan, diğer taraftan

  On the other hand, it could be cheaper.

• account for phr.v. Phrasal

  açıklamak, oluşturmak

  Exports account for half of our income.

• bring about phr.v. Phrasal

  neden olmak, yol açmak

  The war brought about great change.

• bring up phr.v. Phrasal

  gündeme getirmek; yetiştirmek

  She brought up an interesting point.

• call off phr.v. Phrasal

  iptal etmek

  They called off the meeting.

• carry out phr.v. Phrasal

  yürütmek, gerçekleştirmek

  Scientists carried out the experiment.

• come across phr.v. Phrasal

  rastlamak, karşılaşmak

  I came across an old photo today.

• come up with phr.v. Phrasal

  bulmak, ortaya atmak

  She came up with a brilliant idea.

• cut down on phr.v. Phrasal

  azaltmak, kısmak

  You should cut down on sugar.

• deal with phr.v. Phrasal

  ile ilgilenmek, başa çıkmak

  How do you deal with stress?

• figure out phr.v. Phrasal

  çözmek, anlamak

  I cannot figure out this puzzle.

• find out phr.v. Phrasal

  öğrenmek, keşfetmek

  I need to find out the truth.

• get over phr.v. Phrasal

  atlatmak, üstesinden gelmek

  It took weeks to get over the flu.

• give up phr.v. Phrasal

  vazgeçmek, bırakmak

  Never give up on your dreams.

• go through phr.v. Phrasal

  yaşamak; incelemek

  She went through a difficult time.

• look into phr.v. Phrasal

  araştırmak, incelemek

  The police will look into the matter.

• make up for phr.v. Phrasal

  telafi etmek

  He worked late to make up for lost time.

• point out phr.v. Phrasal

  işaret etmek, belirtmek

  She pointed out the error in my essay.

• put off phr.v. Phrasal

  ertelemek

  Do not put off your homework.

• put up with phr.v. Phrasal

  katlanmak, tahammül etmek

  I cannot put up with this noise.

• rule out phr.v. Phrasal

  elemek, dışlamak

  Doctors ruled out a serious illness.

• run out of phr.v. Phrasal

  tükenmek, bitmek

  We have run out of milk.

• set up phr.v. Phrasal

  kurmak, oluşturmak

  They set up a new company.

• take into account phr.v. Phrasal

  dikkate almak, hesaba katmak

  We must take costs into account.

• take over phr.v. Phrasal

  devralmak, ele geçirmek

  A larger firm took over the company.

• turn down phr.v. Phrasal

  reddetmek; kısmak

  He turned down the job offer.

• turn out phr.v. Phrasal

  -çıkmak, sonuçlanmak

  It turned out to be a great idea.

• work out phr.v. Phrasal

  çözmek; sonuç vermek

  Everything worked out in the end.

• carry on phr.v. Phrasal

  devam etmek

  Please carry on with your work.

• break down phr.v. Phrasal

  bozulmak; çökmek

  The car broke down on the highway.

• get along phr.v. Phrasal

  iyi geçinmek

  Do you get along with your colleagues?

• achieve v. Genel

  başarmak, elde etmek

  She achieved her goal of becoming a doctor.

• acquire v. Genel

  edinmek, kazanmak

  Children acquire language quickly.

• allow v. Genel

  izin vermek

  My parents allow me to stay up late.

• appropriate adj. Genel

  uygun, yerinde

  Wear appropriate clothes for the interview.

• available adj. Genel

  mevcut, erişilebilir

  The doctor is not available today.

• aware adj. Genel

  farkında, bilincinde

  Are you aware of the risks involved?

• benefit n. Genel

  fayda, yarar

  Exercise has many health benefits.

• cause n. Genel

  neden, sebep

  What was the cause of the accident?

• common adj. Genel

  ortak, yaygın

  It is a common mistake among learners.

• consider v. Genel

  düşünmek, göz önüne almak

  Please consider my proposal carefully.

• contain v. Genel

  içermek, barındırmak

  This drink contains no sugar.

• create v. Genel

  yaratmak, oluşturmak

  The artist created a beautiful mural.

• decline v. Genel

  azalmak; reddetmek

  Sales declined sharply last year.

• demand n. Genel

  talep, istek

  There is high demand for the product.

• describe v. Genel

  tanımlamak, betimlemek

  Can you describe the man you saw?

• determine v. Genel

  belirlemek, saptamak

  We must determine the exact cost.

• develop v. Genel

  geliştirmek, gelişmek

  The company develops mobile apps.

• effect n. Genel

  etki, sonuç

  The medicine had an immediate effect.

• encourage v. Genel

  teşvik etmek, cesaretlendirmek

  Teachers encourage students to read.

• ensure v. Genel

  sağlamak, garanti etmek

  Please ensure the door is locked.

• establish v. Genel

  kurmak, oluşturmak

  The school was established in 1920.

• expand v. Genel

  genişletmek, büyümek

  The business plans to expand abroad.

• experience n. Genel

  deneyim, tecrübe

  She has years of teaching experience.

• familiar adj. Genel

  tanıdık, aşina

  Her face looks familiar to me.

• generate v. Genel

  üretmek, oluşturmak

  Wind turbines generate electricity.

• gradual adj. Genel

  kademeli, yavaş yavaş

  There was a gradual rise in prices.

• identify v. Genel

  tanımlamak, teşhis etmek

  Can you identify the suspect?

• improve v. Genel

  geliştirmek, iyileştirmek

  You can improve your English by reading.

• increase v. Genel

  artmak, artırmak

  Prices increased by ten percent.

• indicate v. Genel

  göstermek, belirtmek

  The arrow indicates the direction.

• influence n. Genel

  etki, nüfuz

  Parents have a strong influence on children.

• involve v. Genel

  içermek, dahil etmek

  The job involves a lot of travel.

• maintain v. Genel

  sürdürmek, korumak

  It is important to maintain a balanced diet.

• measure v. Genel

  ölçmek

  Please measure the length of the room.

• occur v. Genel

  meydana gelmek, oluşmak

  The accident occurred at midnight.

• particular adj. Genel

  belirli, özel

  Is there a particular book you want?

• perform v. Genel

  gerçekleştirmek, sahnelemek

  The team performed very well.

• predict v. Genel

  tahmin etmek, öngörmek

  No one can predict the future.

• prevent v. Genel

  önlemek, engellemek

  Vaccines prevent many diseases.

• provide v. Genel

  sağlamak, temin etmek

  The hotel provides free breakfast.

• purpose n. Genel

  amaç, maksat

  What is the purpose of this meeting?

• reduce v. Genel

  azaltmak, indirmek

  We need to reduce our spending.

• reflect v. Genel

  yansıtmak; düşünmek

  The price reflects the quality.

• regard v. Genel

  saymak, kabul etmek

  I regard him as a close friend.

• require v. Genel

  gerektirmek, istemek

  This task requires great patience.

• response n. Genel

  tepki, cevap

  We received a positive response.

• reveal v. Genel

  açığa çıkarmak, ortaya koymak

  The study revealed surprising results.

• significant adj. Genel

  önemli, kayda değer

  There was a significant rise in cases.

• similar adj. Genel

  benzer

  Their views are quite similar.

• source n. Genel

  kaynak

  The sun is our main source of energy.

• specific adj. Genel

  belirli, özgül

  Give me a specific example, please.

• suggest v. Genel

  önermek, ima etmek

  I suggest taking a short break.

• tend v. Genel

  eğiliminde olmak

  Prices tend to rise in winter.

• value n. Genel

  değer, kıymet

  The painting has great artistic value.

• various adj. Genel

  çeşitli, muhtelif

  We discussed various options.

• wealth n. Genel

  zenginlik, servet

  The country has great natural wealth.